TOPIC
3
STANDARDIZATION PROCESSES
AND PROTOCOLS FOR RESEARCH OF NEW DRUGS AND FOR PRODUCTION OF PLANT DERIVED
DRUGS AND DEVELOPMENT OF TRADITIONAL MEDICINE INDUSTRY
3.1 INFLUENCE OF
STANDARDIZATION OF PHYTOMEDICINES ON INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE AND CONSERVATION OF
MEDICINAL PLANTS AND BIODIVERSITY
DEFINITION OF STANDARDIZATION:
Processes involved in
producing a product with reproducible effect and quality
- for efficacy and safety
PROBLEM:
· Exploitation of indigenous knowledge
· Depletion of medicinal plants and biodiversity
OBJECTIVES
To ensure that
standardization procedures take into account the potential impact on indigenous
knowledge, conservation of medicinal plants and biodiversity.
STRATEGY
· Develop methods of impact assessment
· Ensure involvement of traditional healers / Ensure
community-participatory approach at all stages
· Ensure conservation measures that promote
sustainable
CONSTRAINTS:
· Lack of trust
among stake-holders
· Lack of funds
· Lack of suitable models ( methods and tools )
· Insufficient human resources ( in terms of capacity
and indigenous expertise )
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ACTIVITY:
· Hold meetings, promote dialogue with and feedback to
communities
· Draw up and agree upon contract or other legal
mechanisms as appropriate ( short and long term )
· Develop or promote existing and new national
legislation of traditional medicine
· Creation / establishment of institutions for development and
standardization of traditional medicine
· Draw up proposals for funding for government bodies
and /or other donors
· Creating income generating activities
· Capacity building involving: Traditional Medical
Practitioners and Researchers.
ACTORS:
1.
Traditional
Medical Practitioners
2.
Politicians and
Governments
3.
Researchers &
Institutions
4.
Funding agencies
5.
Communities in
general
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3.2 ROLE AND IMPACT OF MARKET FORCES ON
MEDICINAL PLANT USES AND CONSERVATION
DEMAND SUPPLY DISTRIBUTION PURCHASING POWER |
RKET FORCE
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REGULATION LAND
TENURE INTERNATIONAL LOCAL
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PROBLEMS: §Demand / Supply Imbalances
§Ultimately impact on environment
§ No control over market forces
OBJECTIVES: §To monitor/regulate and organise market forces
for sustainable conservation through recognition
and support of traditional; medicinal plant trade
STRATEGIES: §Draft supportive legislation
§Create national/regional/international regulation
§Regulate market force
§ Encouragement of land provision for medicinal plant
cultivation
§ Small business protection
CONSTRAINTS/NEEDS
§Lack of information
§Lack of capacity
§Lack of co-ordination
§Lack of political will
§Competition
§Poor pricing (standardization)
§Socio-economic factors
ACTIVITIES: §Monitor the market forces and evaluation
§Create awareness
§Create an enabling environment
§Business training : capacity building
§Encourage local communities cultivation at various
levels
through training (e.g.home gardens with both food and medicinal plants)
§Develop ecological medicinal garden as training centres
§Establish nurseries to encourage dissemination
to provide people who want to
cultivate medicinal plants
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MAIN ACTORS: §Local communities
§Governments
§Chamber of Commerce
§Botanist/Universities/National Centre for Seeds
(Research Institutions)
§Banks
§Financial Institutions
§Private Sector (plants suppliers both local and
international
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3.3 CONSERVATION
AND RIGHTS (TRADITIONAL RESOURCE RIGHTS)
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PROBLEMS
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OBJECTIVES
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STRATEGIES
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ACTIVITIES
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MAIN ACTORS
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CONSTRAINTS
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(Who owns resources and knowledge?)
Lack of ownership of resources
Lack of ownership of knowledge
Survival rights of resources - but not at the expense of people’s rights
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Ensure sustainable utilisation of resources
Recognition and protection of owners of knowledge
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Establish status of plants - first at local level and then
national/continental/international
Strategies for conservation of resources in situ and ex situ to
preserve genetic diversity
Use local as well as other knowledge for cultivation and propagation
of plants
Incentives for income generation opportunities at local and then
other levels
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Situational analysis (health,
demand biological etc) and needs analysis (status of plants) at local and
then other levels
Establish criteria for prioritisation and develop action plans
Identify and allocate responsibilities in terms of activities (in and
ex situ)
Identify gaps and propose activities; include local knowledge
Initiate value added activities at local level and then other levels
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Researchers and local
interest groups
Local interest groups;
local government/”tribal” representatives; facilitators
All appropriate
stakeholders
Researchers and local
interest groups
Local interest groups and
individuals; technical, social and legal experts; private
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Multi-national corporations
MAI
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STRATEGIES
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ACTIVITIES
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MAIN ACTORS
sector.
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Establish resource use management systems involving all resource
users (co-management)
Integrate different systems of legislation affecting different rights
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Identify stakeholders and initiate co-management plans. Capacity
building for conflict resolution.
Capacity building at all level and activities
Initiate advocacy process and review legislation and international
commitments under conventions.
Propose legislative changes harmonising different rights.
Implement legislation
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All community/ resource users
Training institutions; local experts
NGOs, civil society organisations
Experts (eg legal) and government; stakeholders
Government
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OBJECTIVES
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STRATEGIES
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ACTIVITIES
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MAIN ACTORS
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CONSTRAINTS
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